RESOLVING THE LEDGER
This is one outlet's own report from Deutsche Welle — the article as it was filed. Other outlets are covering the same event; open the full story to compare every source side by side.
See the full story · 2 sourcesIndian Prime Minister Modi and Russian President Putin are at the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) summit in Kyrgyzstan as Moscow and New Delhi face rising tensions with Washington.
https://p.dw.com/p/5Jgyf Advertisement Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Russian President Vladimir Putin are set to meet in Kyrgyzstan's capital, Bishkek, on Monday on the sidelines of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) summit — a bloc often seen as a counterweight to US influence.
The meeting comes against the backdrop of the fallout from the US-Israel war on Iran , which has disrupted global energy markets, and Russia's war in Ukraine , now in its fifth year.
India has remained engaged with the SCO while resisting efforts to turn it into an anti-Western bloc. Its position reflects a broader effort to maintain relationships with competing powers.
That approach is under greater pressure. Russia remains under Western sanctions over the war in Ukraine. Meanwhile, India has faced US pressure over its purchases of Russian oil, alongside wider trade tensions.
A former Indian ambassador to the US, Meera Shankar, told DW that India's relationship with Russia should not be seen as directed against the US.
"India has a long-standing strategic relationship with Russia. This is not directed against any country but intended to help India meet its national goals," said Shankar.
Energy has become the most visible change in the India-Russia relationship .
Before 2022, when Russia launched a full-scale invasion of Ukraine, it supplied only a small share of India's crude imports. Discounted Russian oil rapidly changed that, making Moscow one of India's biggest suppliers.
It has also become the most contentious part of India's relationship with the US, which has pressed New Delhi to reduce its purchases from Russia . India maintains that securing affordable and reliable energy is a national interest.
The disruption to traditional energy supplies has made that calculation more complicated. This year's US-Israel war on Iran and disruption of traffic through the Strait of Hormuz have affected India's purchases from the Gulf and pushed up prices.
Shankar said India is responding by diversifying its sources of supply, including both Russia and the US.
"In the long run, a transition to a non-fossil fuel economy would strengthen India's energy independence. But this will not happen overnight," she added.
Until then, Shankar said, India will take steps it considers necessary to stabilize supplies and protect its people.
Defense remains the other major pillar, but here the direction of travel is clearer: India's dependence on Russian equipment has been declining.
The Ukraine war has raised questions over Russia's production capacity, delivery schedules and ability to supply spare parts after decades as a major supplier of India's military hardware.
Why is India pivoting away from Russian weapons? To view this video please enable JavaScript, and consider upgrading to a web browser that supports HTML5 video
"India remains one of Russia's oldest and largest arms buyers, and perhaps the last major one," Aravind Yelery, an associate professor at Jawaharlal Nehru University in the Indian capital, New Delhi, told DW.
"New Delhi is increasingly reluctant to commit to Russia's fifth-generation fighter program and has little appetite for new Russian hardware unless it can be incorporated into India's indigenous production plans," he added.
While India has diversified its purchases, that does not mean the defense relationship is disappearing.
However, the terms are changing, with India looking for a relationship that contributes to its own defense production, so that it can move away from simply buying finished systems.
Russia's growing dependence on China has also become an unavoidable part of the India-Russia equation.
Since the full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine began in early 2022, China has become indispensable to Russia as a market, supplier and economic partner. That has reduced Moscow's ability to serve as a counterweight to Beijing.
Yelery sees an important distinction in the two relationships.
"Strategically, Russia's relationship with China remains structurally transactional, a dependence it can ill afford to compromise, whereas its relationship with India rests on partnership," he said.
Russia needs China trade more than ever To view this video please enable JavaScript, and consider upgrading to a web browser that supports HTML5 video
India still has reasons to keep Moscow close: energy, defense, access to the Russian market and a longstanding political relationship across Eurasia. But the strategic calculation has changed.
Strategic affairs expert C Raja Mohan said that Russia's growing dependence on China has changed its strategic value for India.
"Russia is no longer in a position to help India balance China," Mohan, a professor of American studies at Jindal Global University, told DW.
This changes India's expectations from the relationship with Russia.
The emphasis is increasingly on specific interests — energy security, defense supplies, trade and access to technology — while India's larger strategic weight increasingly rests on relationships with the US and its allies.
India has expanded defense and technology cooperation with Washington, while deepening ties with partners such as France and Israel.
Mohan describes this approach as an "America plus" strategy, whereby India maintains its partnership with the US while widening its engagement with other major powers.
"India is trying to reduce its exposure to American volatility, but it still recognizes that Washington is its most important partner," he said.
India's double bind: Trying to mollify Russia, US To view this video please enable JavaScript, and consider upgrading to a web browser that supports HTML5 video
Rajan Kumar, a professor of Russian studies at Jawaharlal Nehru University, said Putin wants reassuran...
AIPROPX is an independent multi-source news index — we track, compare, and connect coverage from across the web into one place you won't find anywhere else.